With a better understanding of what a rainbow is and the characteristics that define it, one needs to look at how a rainbow is formed to clarify why and how it occurs. dropped an atomic bomb over Nagasaki on August 9. (Sunlight travels past the onlooker, which gets reflected and dispersed by water droplets back to the viewer.) Rainbow Formation: How A Rainbow Develops In 1945, Fujita was a 24-year-old assistant professor teaching physics at a college on the island of Kyushu, in southwestern Japan. As a result, when viewing a rainbow, an observer will always be standing with his/her back to the sun. The antisolar point, the theoretical center of a rainbow, is almost always positioned at a point below the horizon.Ī rainbow and sun always appear on the opposite sides of the sky. Red (the color with the longest wavelength) bends at an angle of 42 degrees and appears on the outer edge of the bow, while violet (the color with the shortest wavelength) bends at an angle of 40 degrees and appears on the inner edge of the arc.Īll rainbows are technically in the shape of a full circle, but since they occur so close to the ground, one only observes the arc visible above the horizon. ![]() This means that visibility and temperature drop considerably, because sunlight cannot fully penetrate through the presence of clouds. It is characterized by the presence of clouds but, in this case, they are located on the planet’s surface, closer to the ground than normal. ![]() The multicolored arc one observes is a result of sunlight refracted and reflecting off the back of a water droplet, which also disperses the white sunlight and breaks it up into its seven spectral colors (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.) Fog is one of the most common atmospheric phenomena in winter.
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